When I enter a quotation mark (U+0022 " quotation mark) in the title field at either...
(1) the very beginning of a title, or...
(2) at the close of any quotation,
the quote is changed to four apostrophes (U+0027 ') in the BibTeX output, rather than two graves (U+0060 ``) as expected in case (1) or two apostrophes as expected in case (2). If the quote does not start at the very beginning of the title, it is outputted as two graves as expected. So, the faux-sample-title
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"Patterns of Discovery": An Inquiry into the "Conceptual Foundations" of Science
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title = {''''Patterns of Discovery'''': An Inquiry into the ``Conceptual Foundations'''' of Science},
(3) a single apostrophe (single quote) at the beginning of a title
is rendered as a closed curly quote (’ U+2019) rather than either a single grave or a single left curly quote (‘ U+2018) -- either is parsed appropriately in LaTeX. So, the title
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'Patterns of Discovery': An Inquiry into the 'Conceptual Foundations' of Science
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title = {’Patterns of Discovery’: An Inquiry into the ‘Conceptual Foundations’ of Science},